Reverse Engineering the Siri Knowledge Endpoint
I’ve been curious how Siri Knowledge works and what data it receives from Apples servers. As a long term goal, I am curious how feasible it is to implement something similar based on open data (and maybe even offline!) in order to weaken our dependency on google and co (I have blogged about this before)
On a Mac OS X I have captured a couple of requests to the Apple servers,
by using the neat mitmproxy tool to capture and analyze
the https traffic.
Here is the resulting Python script to query the knowledge API:
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import requests, sys
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
q = sys.argv[1]
else:
q = "bar"
params = {
"24h": "1",
"ab_seed": "25",
"calendar": "gregorian",
"cc": "FR",
"esl": "en",
"geosrc": "error.fail",
"kb_ime": "en@com.apple.keylayout.US",
"key": "XXXXXX",
"locale": "en_FR",
"q": q,
"temp": "C",
"time_zone": "Europe/Paris",
"units": "SI"
}
headers = {
"X-Apple-GeoSession": "XXXXXXXX667785981814708523897152837309518", # can be left out
"X-Apple-UI-Scale": "1.0",
"X-Apple-Languages": '["en-FR"]',
"Accept": "*/*",
"X-Apple-UserGuid": "", # doesn't seem to be used at all
"User-Agent": "XXX",
"Accept-Language": "en-us",
"X-Apple-GeoMetadata": "XXXXXXXXX6IGByoFCMorEAA=", # some base64 encoded geo data
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate"
}
r = requests.get(
'https://api-glb-par.smoot.apple.com/search',
params=params,
headers=headers
)
from pprint import pprint
pprint(r.json())
You will note that this doesn’t work out of the box. That’s because I have removed
the User-Agent and key parameter. The reason is that this request fails if key
and User-Agent are not set to corresponding pairs. However, I haven’t uncovered the
logic behind this so I’m not sure if this contains any confidential information
e.g. about my Apple account or so. But you can easily get this data by sending some
queries through mitmproxy (even from an iPhone).
If you insert the keys, you can run this from the command line like so:
python3 ./knowledge.py "my query"
Query Results
The query results are actually quite interesting, especially the entities entry seems to map to Wikidata entities! For Barack Obama it’s entities such as politician, lawyer, and so on. So it’s pretty cool to see that Wikidata is used by Siri Knowledge.
The second example tagesanz is coming from a different data source, the ‘web_index’. Here Siri on iOS correctly suggests a website. This is one of the features that would be cool to recreate in a FOSS search engine in order to send fewer requests to Google when attempting to type a URL. A downloadable web index would be very cool! I imagine with 100 megabytes of webindex, one could store quite a few websites and meta data, and we could distill this data set from Wikidata.
If you want to keep up to date with this, you can follow me on Twitter and feel free to send me comments over there.
What follows are the responses for a bunch of queries:
“Bara” (iOS)
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[{'completion_score': 49199.0000124371,
'duration': 53,
'fbq': 'XXX',
'partial_client_ip': 'X.X.X.X',
'prefix': 'bara',
'query': 'barack obama',
'results': [{'block_id': 1,
'canon_id': 'wiki:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/barack_obama',
'completion': 'Barack Obama — Wikipedia',
'ds_id': '<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Barack_Obama>',
'engagement_score': 0,
'entities': [{'probabilityScore': 1,
'topics': [{'identifier': 'Q82955',
'score': 1.6043136},
{'identifier': 'Q40348',
'score': 0.8021568},
{'identifier': 'Q188094',
'score': 0.042135797},
{'identifier': 'Q43229',
'score': 0.033120677},
{'identifier': 'Q35120',
'score': 0.025347555}]},
{'name': 'Barack Obama', 'probabilityScore': 1}],
'fbr': '',
'filtered': False,
'hide_rank': 15,
'id': 'wiki:Barack+Obama',
'is_quick_glance': True,
'pb': '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',
'placement': 'top',
'qi_engagement_score': 0,
'query': 'barack obama',
'score': 0.8856840973468565,
'section_bundle_id': 'com.apple.parsec.wiki',
'section_header': 'Siri Knowledge',
'section_key': 'wikipedia',
'template': 'generic',
'title': 'Barack Obama',
'tophit': 0,
'type': 'wiki',
'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama'}],
'status': 'OK'}]
“tagesan”
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[{'completion_score': 79099.0000009776,
'duration': 22,
'fbq': 'XXX',
'partial_client_ip': 'X.X.X.X',
'prefix': 'tagesan',
'query': 'tagesanzeiger.ch',
'results': [{'block_id': 1,
'canon_id': 'wi:http://tagesanzeiger.ch',
'completion': 'https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch',
'engagement_score': 0,
'fbr': '',
'filtered': False,
'hide_rank': 15,
'id': 'wi:http://tagesanzeiger.ch',
'pb': 'XXX',
'placement': 'top',
'qi_engagement_score': 0,
'query': 'tagesanzeiger.ch',
'score': 0.8175435529750685,
'section_bundle_id': 'com.apple.parsec.web_index',
'section_header': 'Siri Suggested Website',
'section_key': 'web',
'template': 'generic',
'tophit': 0,
'type': 'web_index',
'url': 'https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch'}],
'status': 'OK'}]
“Barack” (iOS)
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[{'completion_score': 69999.0000002141,
'duration': 26,
'fbq': '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',
'partial_client_ip': 'X.X.X.X',
'prefix': 'barack',
'query': 'barack',
'results': [{'block_id': 1,
'canon_id': 'wiki:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/barack_(brandy)',
'completion': 'Barack (brandy) — Wikipedia',
'ds_id': '<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Barack_(brandy)>',
'engagement_score': 0,
'entities': [{'name': 'Barack', 'probabilityScore': 1}],
'fbr': 'eyJkIjoid2lraSIsInIiOiJ3aWtpOkJhcmFjayslMjhicmFuZHklMjkiLCJjciI6Indpa2k6ZW4ud2lraXBlZGlhLm9yZy93aWtpL2JhcmFja18oYnJhbmR5KSIsImVpIjpbImh0dHBzOi8vZW4ud2lraXBlZGlhLm9yZy93aWtpL0JhcmFja18oYnJhbmR5KSJdLCJwbXF0IjpbNDQsMTg1LDM2LDk1LDEyMCw5XSwicCI6ImJhcmFjayIsInEiOiJiYXJhY2siLCJzaWQiOiJkMjhhOGQ1Ni0yODhjLTRiODEtN2E0Ny1hZTQ4NDFkZjMyMmEiLCJkbyI6MSwicm8iOjIsIm1vIjoxLCJzIjoiMCIsImNzIjpbMV19',
'filtered': False,
'hide_rank': 15,
'id': 'wiki:Barack+%28brandy%29',
'pb': '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',
'placement': 'top',
'qi_engagement_score': 0,
'query': 'barack',
'score': 0.6303289636911701,
'section_bundle_id': 'com.apple.parsec.wiki',
'section_header': 'Siri Knowledge',
'section_key': 'wikipedia',
'template': 'generic',
'title': 'Barack',
'tophit': 0,
'type': 'wiki',
'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_(brandy)'}],
'status': 'OK'}]
“Bar” (OS X Spotlight)
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[{'completion_score': 39199.000083022,
'duration': 67,
'fbq': '',
'partial_client_ip': 'X.X.X.X',
'prefix': 'bar',
'query': 'bar',
'results': [{'app': {'bundle_id': 'com.apple.maps',
'install_url': '',
'name': 'Maps',
'punchout_uri': 'http://maps.apple.com/?q=bars&sll=48.854300%2C2.352700'},
'block_id': 1,
'canon_id': 'm:category:bars:0',
'completion': '— La Chope des Compagnons',
'completion_icon': {'h': 32, 'id': 'mac_maps_icon', 'w': 32},
'engagement_score': 0,
'fbr': 'XXX',
'filtered': False,
'hide_rank': 15,
'icon': {'h': 32, 'id': 'mac_maps_icon', 'w': 32},
'id': 'm:8878713025291995099:c',
'maps_data': 'XXX',
'maps_data_type': 'geo3.placedata.place',
'maps_result_type': 'category',
'qi_engagement_score': 0,
'query': 'bars near me',
'score': 0.8274983125118857,
'section_bundle_id': 'com.apple.parsec.maps',
'section_header': 'Maps',
'section_header_more': 'Show all…',
'section_header_more_url': 'http://maps.apple.com/?q=bars&sll=48.854300%2C2.352700',
'section_key': 'maps',
'should_enable_location': True,
'template': 'maps',
'title': 'La Chope des Compagnons',
'tophit': 0,
'type': 'maps'},
{'app': {'bundle_id': 'com.apple.maps',
'install_url': '',
'name': 'Maps',
'punchout_uri': 'http://maps.apple.com/?q=bars&sll=48.854300%2C2.352700'},
'block_id': 1,
'canon_id': 'm:category:bars:1',
'completion': '— Le Deep',
'completion_icon': {'h': 32, 'id': 'mac_maps_icon', 'w': 32},
'engagement_score': 0,
'fbr': 'XXX',
'filtered': False,
'hide_rank': 15,
'icon': {'h': 32, 'id': 'mac_maps_icon', 'w': 32},
'id': 'm:979391342122842720:c',
'maps_data': 'XXX',
'maps_data_type': 'geo3.placedata.place',
'maps_result_type': 'category',
'qi_engagement_score': 0,
'query': 'bars near me',
'score': 0.8268169645523025,
'section_bundle_id': 'com.apple.parsec.maps',
'section_header': 'Maps',
'section_header_more': 'Show all…',
'section_header_more_url': 'http://maps.apple.com/?q=bars&sll=48.854300%2C2.352700',
'section_key': 'maps',
'should_enable_location': True,
'template': 'maps',
'title': 'Le Deep',
'tophit': 0,
'type': 'maps',
'url': 'https://ledeep75004.spaces.live.com'},
{'app': {'bundle_id': 'com.apple.maps',
'install_url': '',
'name': 'Maps',
'punchout_uri': 'http://maps.apple.com/?q=bars&sll=48.854300%2C2.352700'},
'block_id': 1,
'canon_id': 'm:category:bars:2',
'completion': '— Barberousse',
'completion_icon': {'h': 32, 'id': 'mac_maps_icon', 'w': 32},
'engagement_score': 0,
'fbr': 'XXX',
'filtered': False,
'hide_rank': 15,
'icon': {'h': 32, 'id': 'mac_maps_icon', 'w': 32},
'id': 'm:6374466807050099668:c',
'maps_data': 'XXX',
'maps_data_type': 'geo3.placedata.place',
'maps_result_type': 'category',
'qi_engagement_score': 0,
'query': 'bars near me',
'score': 0.8268169645523025,
'section_bundle_id': 'com.apple.parsec.maps',
'section_header': 'Maps',
'section_header_more': 'Show all…',
'section_header_more_url': 'http://maps.apple.com/?q=bars&sll=48.854300%2C2.352700',
'section_key': 'maps',
'should_enable_location': True,
'template': 'maps',
'title': 'Barberousse',
'tophit': 0,
'type': 'maps',
'url': 'http://www.barberousse.com'},
{'app': {'bundle_id': 'com.apple.maps',
'install_url': '',
'name': 'Maps',
'punchout_uri': 'http://maps.apple.com/?q=bars&sll=48.854300%2C2.352700'},
'block_id': 1,
'canon_id': 'm:category:bars:3',
'completion': '— Le Saint Régis',
'completion_icon': {'h': 32, 'id': 'mac_maps_icon', 'w': 32},
'engagement_score': 0,
'fbr': 'XXX',
'filtered': False,
'hide_rank': 15,
'icon': {'h': 32, 'id': 'mac_maps_icon', 'w': 32},
'id': 'm:5237282461431587876:c',
'maps_data': 'XXX',
'maps_data_type': 'geo3.placedata.place',
'maps_result_type': 'category',
'qi_engagement_score': 0,
'query': 'bars near me',
'score': 0.8268169645523025,
'section_bundle_id': 'com.apple.parsec.maps',
'section_header': 'Maps',
'section_header_more': 'Show all…',
'section_header_more_url': 'http://maps.apple.com/?q=bars&sll=48.854300%2C2.352700',
'section_key': 'maps',
'should_enable_location': True,
'template': 'maps',
'title': 'Le Saint Régis',
'tophit': 0,
'type': 'maps',
'url': 'https://www.lesaintregis-paris.com'},
{'block_id': 1,
'canon_id': 'bing:https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Feurope%2Fnorway%2Farticles%2Fthe-10-best-bars-in-central-oslo%2F',
'card_sections': [{'card_section_id': '0_1e2f41bc-f26f-40e1-5e29-9e10d859adef',
'image': {'h': 100,
'id': 'mac_NoImage-Safari-100-Spotlight-OSX',
'is_template': True,
'w': 100},
'image_align': 'top',
'result_id': 'bing:https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Feurope%2Fnorway%2Farticles%2Fthe-10-best-bars-in-central-oslo%2F',
'subtitle': 'theculturetrip.com',
'title': 'The 10 Best Bars In Central Oslo - '
'Culture Trip',
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